点段动词与中考题
添加时间: 2006-5-25 3:23:09 作者: 英语参考 阅读次数:272 来源: http://www.d9soft.com
1.英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词，其中动作动词又可细分为点动词（或称为终止 性动词、瞬间动词、非延续性动词）和段动词（或称为延续性动词、持续性动词）。
2.由于点动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以点动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时 间的状语for＋时间段或 since＋时间点连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。
3.初中英语中常见的点动词有：leave，go， come ， arrive ，begin，buy，borrow，die，join，beco me等。
4.点动词要表达持续时间，可用以下方法：
（1）将时间状语改为时间段＋ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
My brother joined the army two years ago. 我哥哥参军两年了。
（2）若保留for＋时间段，since＋时间点或用在how long 句型中，需将谓语动词改为相应的段动词或状 态动词。
My brother has been in the army for two years.
My brother has been a soldier for two years.
（3）用“It is （或has been）＋时间段＋since... ”句型改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为点 动词，且常用一般过去时。
It is （或has been）two years since my brother joined thearmy.
5.常见点动词与段动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下：
leave—be away（from）
go ┐
come │
arrive │—be＋相应的介词短语
get ┘
begin—be on
buy—have
borrow—keep
die—be dead
join the army—┌be in the army
└be a soldier
join the Party—┌be in the Party
└be a Party member
catch a cold—have a cold
fall asleep—be asleep
6.点段动词与时间状语（从句）
（1）when，before，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，点段动词均可充当谓语。
（2）while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
（3）until（或till）引导的时间状语（从句）中，若主句为否定结构，从句中的谓语动词点段动词均可 ，意为“直到……才”。若主句为肯定结构，从句中的谓语动词只能用段动词，表示主句的动作一直延续到un til句子所表示的时间为止。
I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
I read the book until my father came back.
（二）考例及精析
1.When he got to the station,the train ____ for a longtime.（’95北京）
A.had been away B.had left
C.has been away D.has left
根据句中的时间状语for a long time， 再结合时间状语从句中的时态一致性原则，可判断A为正确答案。
2.My brother ____ for a week.（’95河北）
A.has had a cold B.caught a cold
C.has caught a cold D.got a cold
catch（a ） cold 的完成体的肯定式不能和一段时间状语for aweek 连用，须用表示状态的have a co ld，故A正确。
3.My father joined the Party in 1945. He ____ a Partymember for about fifty years.（’9 5山西）
A.had been B.has become
C.had become D.has been
“入团（党）多久”不能用点动词become，join的完成时的肯定式，而应用have been a League（Party）
member for＋时间段， 故本题D为正确答案。
4.They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai. （’95 江西）
A.have made B.have become
C.have been D.have turned
选项A、B、D中动词完成时态的肯定式均不能和since＋时间点连用，须用表示状态的be，故C为正确答案。
5.Tom's brother _____ for three years before he became ateacher.（’95济南）
A.had joined the army B.has joined the army
C.had been in the army D.has been a soldier
根据考查点透视中所述，再结合时间状语从句中的时态一致性原则，故可判断出C为正确答案。
6.The film had begun for fifteen minutes when I got to
───── ─────── ── ───
A B C D
the cinema.（’95武汉）
begin 为点动词， 其对应的状态动词为be on ， 故将A 处的hadbegun改为had been on。
7.Mr Brown ______ the car for three months.（’96济南）
A.bought B.had bought
C.has had D.buys
英语中buy为点动词，要表达“买多长时间了”， 只能用延续性动词have，故正确答案为C。
8.How long ____ at this factory?（’96安徽）
A.have you come B.has he in
C.will he be D.has he been to
“在某地呆多久”可用“be＋介词in或at＋地点名词”或直接用“be＋地点副词”。故该题只有选项C正确 ，表示将来。
9.—How long have you _______ here?
—About two months.（’96天津）
A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived
选项B、C、D中的动词均为终止性动词，故不能用在how long 引导的特殊疑问句中，所以正确答案为A，表 示“在这儿呆多久”， 由于后面紧接副词here，故been后的介词省略。
10.Our maths teacher has ____ Australia for a week. （’97南京）
A.gone to B.been in
C.arrived in D.been to
同第⑧题，正确答案为B。注意B与D的区别关键是been后的介词，in表示“逗留”，to表示“去过”哪里。
11.—Excuse me. How long may I _____ the book?（’97 福州）
—Two weeks.
A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.kept
“借多久”只能用延续性动词keep，而不能用点动词borrow。
12.Her grandma has ____ for three years.（’97天津）
A.died B.been dead C.death
英语中die为点动词，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用， 须用been加形容词形式表示状态，故B为正确答案 。
（三）强化练习
1.How long do you think they _____ the TV factory?
A.have been to B.have reached
C.have been in D.have arrived at
2.My uncle ____ the Communist Party five years ago.
A.took part in B.has joined
C.had been in D.joined
3.I'll lend you my dictionary, but you can only ____ itfor one day.
A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.take
4.—How long _____ you _____ a cold?
—Since three days ago.
A.did; have B.did; catch
C.have; had D.have; caught
5.How long has your father _____ Boston?
A.been to B.gone to
C.left D.been in
6.I _____ the dictionary for two years.
A.bought B.have had
C.have bought D.have
7.I joined the League last year. I _____ for one year.
A.joined in B.joined
C.have joined in D.have been a League member
8.We were sorry to hear that the boy ____ home for somedays.
A.has left B.has been away from
C.had left D.had been away from
9.—May I ____ the story-book for a month?
—Yes, you may.
A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take
10.He said he _____ a soldier _____ ten years.
A.has been; since B.has joined; for
C.had joined; in D.had been; for
11.How long have you _____ Xi'an?
A.come to B.been to
C.lived in D.gone in
12.My uncle ______ the Party in 1978. He _____ for over19 years.
A.joined; has been a Party member
B.joined; has joined the Party
C.has joined; has been the Party
D.has joined; has been in the Party
13.My brother _____ the Youth League for two years.
A.has been in B.has entered
C.has taken part in D.has joined into
14.Jack ____ a postman for about 6 years.
A.has become B.has turned
C.has changed D.has been
15.When he came home, I ____ for three hours.
A.have fallen asleep B.had fallen asleep
C.had been asleep D.have slept
Key:1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C
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