CCNA认证考试 (collected from Braindumps)(2)
添加时间: 2007-9-7 8:10:08 作者: Cisco认证考试 阅读次数:91 来源: http://www.d9soft.com
How to define a range of access list: For example, 172.16.10.0 - 172.16.40.0. what is the wild mask you will use.
Study Complex subnetting throughly. Meaning if you cross 8-bit boundry. For example: take an ip address 172.16.0.0. It is a Class-B network. You use 11-bit for subnetting. You will be asked to choose the correct range of host addresses. Todd has shown the chart which will help you a lot.
What s the default subnet mask for Class A, B and C.
On WAN: study ISDN and Frame Relay. Constrate more on ISDN. I only saw one question about Frame Relay which is (router-sub-if)# interface 0.1 point-to-point. Catch is you must define point-to-point or multipoint in order to complete the command.
ISDN: I had 4 questions. Study Reference points and Protocols.
For example E.I.Q.
E defines and existing line. I defines concept and terminology and Q defines switching. Question would be mixed. Just align them. Other questions are
ISDN provides Data only, Wrong
ISDN provides Voice only, Wrong
ISDN provides Both data and voice Correct
ISDN provides more bandwidth than fraction 56k T-1 Line. Correct
CDP: I am not sure about the command, but by default CPD update time is 60. How to change it to 90.
Test Name:CCNA
Test #640-407
Very well put. I am attaching my "prep sheet" for the exam - basically the requirement sheet from Cisco s website with most of the answers. It helped me to pass the CCNA with flying colors ...:
1) OSI Reference Model
7.) Applications: Where the user applications software lies. Such issues as file access and transfer, virtual terminal emulation, interprocess communication and the like are handled here.
6.) Presentation: Differences in data representation are dealt with at this level. For example, UNIX-style line endings (CR only) might be converted to MS-DOS style (CRLF), or EBCIDIC to ASCII character sets.
5.) Session: Communications between applications across a network is controlled at the session layer. Testing for out-of-sequence packets and handling two-way communication are handled here.
4.) Transport: Makes sure the lower three layers are doing their job correctly, and provides a transparent, logical data stream between the end user and the network service s/he is using. This is the lower layer that provides local user services.
3.) Network: This layer makes certain that a packet sent from one device to another actually gets there in a reasonable period of time. Routing and flow control are performed here. This is the lowest layer of the OSI model that can remain ignorant of the physical network.
2.) Data Link: This layer deals with getting data packets on and off the wire, error detection and correction and retransmission. This layer is generally broken into two sub-layers: The LLC (Logical Link Control) on the upper half, which does the error checking, and the MAC (Medium Access Control) on the lower half, which deals with getting the data on and off the wire.
1.) Physical: The nuts and bolts layer. Here is where the cable, connector and signaling specifications are defined.
2) Connection-oriented vs. connectionless service
Connection-oriented: Similar to HDLC
Connection establishment and termination required
Sequenced, acknowledged data delivery
Built-in error recovery
Sliding window flow control
Connectionless: Data transfer without virtual circuit
No message sequencing
No delivery guarantee
Higher layer is responsible for error recovery, flow control, and reliability
3) Data-Link vs. network addresses Link Layer: MAC address (see below
4) Network Layer: Virtual/logical address, unique within a hierarchical address space, contains a network and a host part
4) What is a MAC address Link layer address to uniquely identify a device/port in a LAN segment, is 48 bits (= 6 bytes) long, first 3 bytes identify a vendor code
5) Flow control and 3 basic methods
Flow control ensures that no data get lost
Simple handshake, i.e. send-ack pairs
Sliding window, i.e. ack after so many data
Ack can be "ack with source", called "positive ack"
Timer is started when data is sent to detect a "non-delivery", i.e. ack does not arrive in time
6) Frame Relay, ISDN/LAPD, HDLC, PPP
Frame Relay: Variation of HDLC, uses PVC (Private Virtual Circuit)
ISDN/LAPD: ISO defined standard HDLC:
PPP: Extended SDLC with protocol indicator (for multi-protocol support) and LCP (Link Control Protocol) for establishing, configuring, maintaining, and terminating connections (similar to LLC in Link Layer)
7) Login to router (normal, privileged) Console password (if set) enable Privileged password (if set)
8) Use help Symbolic translation
Keyword completion, use "?" History (see below
9) Command prompts Syntax checking9) Command history and editing ^P (for last command) ^N (for next command) show history (for display of history buffer) term history size number-of-lines terminal editing (to dis-/enable history)
10) RAM, ROM, CDP, show RAM: show vers, show runn NVRAM: show conf, show startup Flash: show flash CDP: show cdp neigh [detail] (runs in link-layer, Cisco specific)
11) Priviliged operations en Priviliged password (if set)
12) Passwords, id, banner conf t (for passwords:) enable password
NAME
enable secret NAME line con 0 password NAME line aux 0
password NAME line vty 0 4 password NAME login
hostname NAME (for ID) (for banner:)
banner [execincomingloginmotd] banner LINE ^
13) Main commands for startup reload (to restart)
boot system flash (to boot from flash rom, 1st try)
boot host NAME (for TFTP boot) boot system rom (last resort - from ROM)
To completely reinit a router from scratch: show startup-config
show running-config erase startup-config reload setup
14) Setup command Asks for standard questions - follow menu: - hostname
- enable secret (password) - enable password
- enable virtual terminal password - SNMP - IP (routing etc.)
- DECNet, XNS, Novell, Apollo, AppleTalk, Vines - Bridging
- Interfaces
15) Copy and manipulate conf files wr mem (save to NV memory)
wr net (save to TFTP server)
copy runn start (copy current to startup conf)
copy tftp runn (copy from a TFTP server)
16) Load IOS
boot system flash (from flash) boot host NAME (from TFTP)
boot system rom (from ROM)
17) Backup, upgrade, and load IOS
show flash (to see the current flash mem status incl. free mem)
copy flash tftp (for backup) copy tftp flash (for restore/upgrade) see above 16)
18) Key internetwork functions in OSI and how they are performed in router
Network Layer: Routing, provide dynamic control over connectivity,
flexibility, performance, and management
Link Layer: Switching Physical Layer: Various interfaces
19) 2 parts of network addressing Network address and subnet mask
20) Problems with topology changes Convergence needed for routing infos
Time to convergence, e.g. distance vector (hop-count) updates occur from router to router (not broadcast)
Processing power, e.g. link-state (OSPF) needs lots of processing power to rebuild the routing database (tree)
Network bandwidth, e.g. initial (multicast) link-state info floods the network
PROBLEM: Routing loops (slow detection of topology change, incorrect routing table/updates)
SOLUTION: Split horizon ("If you learn a route on one interface do not send back that info on that same interface")
SOLUTION: Route poisoning ("set route to infinity")
SOLUTION: Hold-down timers ("ignore updates for some time")
PROBLEM: Counting to infinity (incorrect routing table/updates)
SOLUTION: Define a maximum ("max. hop count +1 = infinity")
PROBLEM: Link-state updates can arrive at different time based
on bandwidth (slow and fast links)
SOLUTION: Dampen the periodic update (longer intervals)
SOLUTION: Use time stamps
SOLUTION: Use targeted multicast (not flood), define router
hierarchies (i.e. partition network)
21) Seperate and integrated multiprotocol routing
Seperate: "ships-in-the-night" routing, i.e. no protocol is affected any other protocol
Integrated: Replaces native routing algorithm, exchanges common routing info, still maintains seperate routing tables, saves resources, simplifies admin s tasks22) IP classes
A - Very large sites, 0-127, 16,777,214 hosts, 126 networks
B - Large sites, 128-191, 65,534 hosts, 16,384 networks
C - Small sites, 192-223 254 hosts, 1,097,152 networks
D - Multicast, 224-239 E - Experimental, 240-255
23) Configure IP address conf t int e0
ip address xx.xx.xx.xx xx.xx.xx.xx
24) Verify IP address show int e0
25) Prepare initial conf setup
26) Add RIP to conf router rip
network xx.xx.xx.xx
27) Add IGRP to conf router igrp
system> network xx.xx.xx.xx
28) List IPX addresses and encapsulation show ipx int e0 (for address) sh conf (for encapsulation, "ipx
encaps")
29) Enable IPX and conf interfaces conf t ipx routing int e0 ipx network x encapsulation-type
30) Monitor IPX on the router debug ipx routing [activitysap] show ipx interface (status & parameters) show ipx servers (known servers) show ipx route (routing table)
show ipx traffic (number & type of packets)
31) Frame relay terms and features
VC: Virtual Circuit (PVC, SVC), encapsulates upper-layer data
DLCI: Data-link connection ID, identifies a PVC
LMI: Local Management Interface, control protocol for PVC setup
and management
"Best effort", i.e. connectionless, but fast transport mechanism
in the link layer; no flow control, no error correction (e.g. unlike
Ethernet)
Wide range of speeds from 56k over T1 (1.5Kbps) to DS3 (45 Mbps)
32) Commands for Frame Relay LMI, maps, and subinterfaces conf t int s0
encapsulation frame-relay [ietfcisco] (default = cisco)
frame-relay lmi-type [ansiciscoq933a] (default = cisco)
frame-relay map
[broadcast] [ietfcisco]
(map a DLCI to a network for a given protocol, allow routing updates
only if "broadcast" is defined: frame map ip 192.168.0.1 70)
int s0.
frame-relay interface-dlci broadcast
33) Monitor Frame Relay
show int s0 debug frame-relay lmi
34) PPP ops conf t
username password (to set CHAP password) int s0
encapsulation ppp ppp auth [papchap] show int s0
35) Standard access lists
Used to permit or deny a complete protocol suite based on the source
network/subnet/host address
Are in the range of 1-99 (IP), 800-899 (IPX), and 600-699 (AppleTalk)
Are processed top-down, i.e. first matching rule preempts further
processing Only one access list per port per direction per protocol
Uses a wildcard mask to define which bits of the network address are
relevant (0 = check this bit, 1 = ignore [inverted subnet mask])
Place standard lists close to the destination, place extended list close
to the source conf t
{protocol} access-list [permitdeny] {conditions} int e0
{protocol} access-group [inout]
36) Monitor and verify access lists
show ip int (to see applied access lists) show access-lists
37) Relevant use and context for ISDN
All digital service for voice, data, video, telex etc.
Fast connection setup Higher bandwidth than traditional modem
38) ISDN protocols, functions groups, reference points, and channels
E protocols - Telephone network standards
I protocols - Concepts, terminology, and general methods
Q protocols - Switching and signaling
Functions are devices or hardware functions: TA - Terminal
adapter
TE12 - Terminal end point 1 (integrated TA) or 2 (needs TA)
NT1 - Network termination ("signal converter")
LT - Local termination (access point at phone company)
ET - Exchange termination (communicates with other ISDn components)
Reference points are interfaces (between functions)
Bearer channel: Used for data transfer (voice or data)
Data channel: Used for control/signaling information using LAPD
39) ISDN BRI on Cisco Is a TE1 (i.e. has a built-in ISDN TA)
Available in several routers
SNMP support, PPP encapsulation, supports DDR (demand-on-dialing),
supports call screening conf t
isdn switch-type (highly WAN provider dependant)
ip route (setup static route)
dialer-list protocol [permitdeny] int s0/bri0
encapsulation [ppphdlc] ip address
dialer-group dialer wait-for-carrier 45
dialer idle-timeout 300
dialer-map name speed
isdn spid1 (to set up Service Profile ID, provider specific)
isdn spid2 (same for 2nd bearer channel) show int s0/bri0
40) Advantages of LAN segmentation Smaller broadcast domains (via
routers)
Smaller collision domains (via switching)
Dedicated circuits for high-load devices Relieve congestion
41) LAN segmentation via bridges
Connects several LAN together, either local or wide-area
Link-layer function42) LAN segmentation via routers
Connects LANs together, but seperates broadcasts and possibly
protocols
Each segment is a broadcast domain of it s own
43) LAN segmentation via switches
Connects several LAN together locally, same protocol Link-layer
function
Each segment is a collision domain of it s own44) 2 switching methods
see below 61)45) Full- and half-duplex operation
Full: Send and receive data concurrently in both directions
Half: Only one can send at any given time
46) 3 reasons for using a layered model
Divide interrelated aspects into less complex elements
Define standard interfaces (for compatibility)
Enable specialized design and development on modular functions
Promote symmetry in modular functions for interoperability
Prevent changes in one area from affecting other areas
Divide complexity into discrete, easily learnable subset
47) Functions of each layer of OSI model see above 1)
48) 5 conversions steps of data encapsulation
Application/Presentation/Session Layer:
Accepts user input, converts into "data"
Transport Layer: Adds segment (TCP or UDP) header to data for
reliable communication, breaks data stream into
several segments and ensures correct sequencing
Network Layer: Adds network (IP, RIP, ICMP) header with correct
source and destination addresses for device
addressing/routing, breaks segment into several
packets/datagrams
Link Layer: Adds frame Header to enable communication to next
directly connected device, breaks packet into
several frames
Physical Layer: Converts frame into bits and uses "wire-specific"
procedures to transmit bit stream
49) Functions of TCP/IP transport-layer protocols
UDP: Connectionless communication (best try)
TCP: Connection-oriented communication
50) Functions of TCP/IP network-layer protocols IP: Connectionless
RIP: Routing (also other protocols like OSPF, [E]IGRP)
ICMP: see below 51)51) Function of ICMP Error messaging
Router discovery52) Conf extended access lists See also 35) conf t
{protocol} access-list [permitdeny] protocol source
source-mask destination dest-mask {operator} int e0
{protocol} access-group [inout]
53) Conf IPX access lists and SAP filters see also 35)
Standard lists are 800-899, SAP lists are 1000-1099
The Cisco router does not forward SAP broadcasts, but constructs its
own SAP table and broadcasts that (every 60 seconds [standard]) conf
t
access-list [permitdeny] network[.node]
[network-mask node-mask] [service [server-name]] int e0
ipx input-sap-filter (filter before constructing SAP table)
ipx output-sap-filter (filter when sending SAP table)
54) Monitor and verify access lists see above 36) show ipx int e0
55) Network congestions problems in Ethernet
Collisions: Too many devices in one segment, too many want
to "talk" at the same time56) Benefits of bridges57) Benefits of
routers
58) Benefits of switches59) Fast Ethernet (features, benefits)
100 Mbps, faster than 10 Mbps
Proven technology, supported by known architecture
Price, performance, ease of migration
High reliability, wide industry support 100 Base-T standard
Allows for ether channels (bundling of lines)
60) Guidelines and distance limitations of Fast Ethernet
CAT-5 cabling required
max. 100 meter cable run for UTP, 2000 meters for fiber
(to stay within 512 bit times)
61) Cut-through and store-and-forward switching
Cut-through: Determine destination after first 64 (or 512)
bytes
Store-and-forward: Switch pulls in the complete packet first
and then forwards it62) Spanning Tree Protocol (operation and benefits)
Ensures the existence of a loop-free topology in networks that
contain parallel bridges/switches63) Benefits of virtual LANs
64) Appletalk basics Defines zones as a combination of networks
Uses a cable range on one wire, i.e. allows several networks in parallel
on one Ethernet segment (if using Ethernet)
Addressing is dynamic, i.e. client uses AARP (Apple ARP) to determine
network (within the cable range) and node ID
There is a maximum of 253 devices per network65) Appletalk routing conf t
appletalk routing int e0 appletalk cable-range xxx-yyy
appletalk discovery (to allow for updates, don t use on serial int)
appletalk zone (to set default zone)
CCNA:
No CCIE braindump, but I have a few tips for the CCNA exam (#640-407, which I just passed this afternoon). I m not going to violate any confidentiality agreements, but I will tell you what to study.
For study guides, I used both the Syngress and Sybex study guides. Don t let the Amazon.com reviews throw you ... neither one of these guides is sufficient on it s own, but both together work wonders.
If you want to know exactly what to study, go through Cisco s published exam objectives (http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/10/wwtraining/certprog/testing/pdf/ccna_407.pdf ) and know each one. They really do hit on all of them, and they re very good about mapping the exam to these objectives. If you can answer each objective, you ll pass. If you re an MCSE with the TCP/IP exam under your belt, you re about 1/3 of the way there.
Another helpful spot ... get an online subscription to www.ccieprep.com - they re right on the money!
Well I know it consists of ICRC...But ACRC is for you CCNP.
ACRC is definitely part of the 640-407 exam. For example, you are tested on access lists. Then in the next exam the topic is explored further. Access lists are covered in both books, ICRC and ACRC.
ICRC = Introduction to Cisco Router Configuration ACRC = Advanced Cisco Router Configuration
CCNA Exam
What chapters in the Giles book would more adequately prepare me for the CCNA exam than just using the CCNA Study Guide by Syngress/McGraw-Hill? I also have printed over 300 pages of Cisco web pages of OS 12.0 troubleshooting commands and troubleshooting charts and configuration chapters on all the major protocols. I wouldn t really need the Lammle book with all this other stuff, would I?
Yes, you would.
First, troubleshooting is not part of the CCNA exam. There is a later exam devoted to this issue when you are studying for the CCNP. Material on the Cisco website provides an excellent explanation of many topics.
However, it is not exam specific.
There have been numerous negative comments regarding the Syngress text, and they are indeed justified. The book does a great job introducing the reader to the material. But as a text to bring the reader up to exam readiness level, this book is a failure. You can read some of the many negative comments here:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ISBN%3D0078824877/globalnetworksolA/002-9421356-6503405
Out of nearly 100 comments at that link you will find the majority of them condemn the book. I have never seen so many negative comments regarding a technical text. That should tell you something. Among the comments are those from individuals who wrote something to the effect of "I failed the exam after using this book." It is easy to see why because neither the text nor the sample questions are up to testing standard.-
As long as you know the commands, you would not need the Todd s book, but CCNA pretty much based on OSI Model, DOD Model, Complex subnetting. If you know those concepts thoroughly then you are fine.
test name: CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)
test # 640-407
From: Johnny
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Braindump for CCNA 1.0 (640-407) Exam
I took the exam on Nov. 25, 98. The exam is 90 minutes with 70 questions.
The passing score is 68%. Just managed to pass the exam at 72%. Overall, the
exam is fairy tough, especially for those don t have hands-on experience on
routers.
Resources that I used to prepare for the exam:
1. ForeFront CBT. (It is pretty good except it misses some subjects, such as LAN switching, VLAN, fast Ethernet, etc.)
2. Syngress CCNA simulation exam. (Not too good, as it has lots of errors, and the exam format doesn t match the really one. I double if there is no good simulation exam in the market)
3. Syngress CCNA book.
I would recommend that people should have hands-on in the Cisco routers with at lease IOS 10.x before taking the exam, as just memorizing the command syntax and parameters wouldn t be easy to pass the exam.
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1. About 10 questions in the description of the 7 layers of the OSI, also with respect to how they match the layers in TCP/IP, Frame-relay, ISDN BRI, etc.
2. Which of the following three in the "Presentation Layer"
a. PICT and JPEG
b. MIDI and MPEG
c. NetBIOS and RPC
d. NFS/SQL
e. ASCII &
3. What is the correct description of MAC address?
4. Which of the following methods are used as flow control?
a. Acknowledge
b. Windowing got to be this one
c. Sliding windows
5. No questions in ATM and ISDN PRI, only one question in X25, but lots of questions on Frame-relay.
6. Which of the following are the frame-relay LMI types used in Cisco routers?
7. What are the correct encapsulation type of frame-relay?
Cisco Ietf (default is cisco)
8. What is LMI? Messages provide information about the current DLCI values and status of virtual circuits. These are autodetected in current IOS versions
9. How to monitor Frame-relay activity on cisco routers?
Show interface s0, show frame-relay map
10. What is correct command syntax for configuring the secondary sub-interface?
Interface serial0.2 point-to-point
11. At least 8 questions on Access Lists (both IP and IPX access list, not much on Extended lists)
IP 1-99
Extended IP 100-199
IPX 800-899
Extended IPX 900-999
IPX SAP 1000-1099
Don t forget the implicit DENY ANY, so your access list must contain at least one PERMIT statement. Two steps to configure the access list
a. create the list access-list 1 deny 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 (Note the difference with subnet mask here)
b. associate it with an interface ip access-group access-list # {in out}
12. Which command is used to view the access-list on serial0 interface? Show access-lists s0 (?)
13. ISDN questions are mostly in BRI, there is a question about the correction description of DCE/DTE, TA, NT1, CPE, Demar, CO and other Telco terminology.
14. There are two easy questions for ISDN, simply exclude the following obviously wrong answers (grin)
a. ISDN only offer voice service
b. ISDN only offer data service
c. The bandwidth of the combined B channels is less than 56k leased line
14. There is an ISDN question about the switch types and SPID. Basic-5ess, basic-4ess, basic-nil, basic-dms100, SPID is offered by Telco
15. In IOS configuration editing mode, you have to know editing keys, there is a question on "how to return to the beginning of command line?"
a. Ctrl + a
b. Ctrl + b
c. Ctrl + p
16. A question about Frame-relay is a PVC.
17. How to change the console line password?
Line console 0 (line vty 0)
Login
Password xxx
18. Two questions about the "Banner and day-to-day message" command. Router(config)# banner motd (?)
19. How to boot the system from ROM, Flash? Boot system rom (flash)
20. How to change the running-config?
a. config memory (?)
b. copy tftp running
c. copy start run **
21. How to backup the IOS image to tftp server? Copy flash tftp
22. Two questions about the use of "context sensitive help" to find out the correct command syntax and parameters.
23. A questions about the difference of router memory components: ROM, Flash, NVRAM, RAM
24. One question about the different mode of the routers. ROM monitor mode -- Setup mode EXEC mode -- Privileged mode - Global config mode - component config mode "ctrl + Z" will get you out of config mode totally, "exit" will get you back to global conifg mode
25. A question about the "store and forward" LAN switching method. Wait for the whole frame before forwarding, latency varies with different frame size
26. A question about the correct description of Half-duplex Ethernet.
27. Which of the following that routers use to avoid "loops". Its called Split horizon not route poison
28. What is the command "IPX maximum-path" for? (I don t know the answer for this)
29. A question about the IPX frame-type and Cisco keyword.
802.2 SAP
802.3 Novell-ether
Ethernet_II arpa
Ethernet_snap snap
Token Ring snap snap (?)
Router (config)# ipx network 1 encapsulation arpa
30. No question on setting up VLAN. But I think that you should still know how to setup and monitor a vlan.
31. About 4 questions in TCP/IP subnetting Classful address, so you should know the subnetting damn well.
A question like: A class B address with a 12 bit subnet, how many subnets and hosts are available? (4k subnets, 14hosts)
32. There is a question about the detailed frame structure of the ICMP. So you have to know all the functions that ICMP performed.
33. There are no question on how to configure RIP and IGRP although they are in the exam objectives. There are many multiple on multiple questions (e.g. pick 3 in 9 choices), even in the single choice questions, there are up to 9 choices, which make the exam harder than the MS exams.
Test Name: Cisco Certified Network Associate
Test # 640-407
Failed this exam on my first try, There was a lot more emphasis on the networking essentials stuff than I had expected.
The course is broken down into 3 sections:
Introduction to Cisco Router configuration
Advanced Router configuration
Cisco LAN Switch Configuration
For the most part I have had a lot of experience with routers, so the command syntax questions were fairly simple for me, but definitely know all the possibilities to "copy running-config startup-config"
I was surprised to see a number of questions about loading banners onto the router s configuration and a number of questions on how to change terminal passwords, enable passwords, and enable secrets, know the difference.
There were the dreaded session layer standard questions, mpeg, jpeg, etc. I got burned on those simply because I didn t memorize them, quite a few questions on the DOD model as well as the OSI model, know them both!!
I d guess 10 of the 70 questions were very difficult subnetting questions,
(I took 3 of those dry erase things into the booth with me and used them all!) If you don t have an excellent grasp of how many hosts, subnets, etc, forget about this test. Oh yeah, half of the questions gave subnets Cisco s way: 192.168.1.1 / 18
If you re not familiar with the 3 ways subnets can be represented as well as being able to blow through these types of questions, learn it before you waste $100.
IPX was rampant on this test know your standard and extended access lists for IPX as well as IP. I think I had 1 or 2 AppleTalk questions.
Well I m heading back into the booth, I ll try to post again to see how different the test is this time around.
Dave’s CCNA Exam Afterthoughts
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The exam I took on March 9, 1999, had 70 questions, and with 90 minutes allowed for completing it. The passing score was 68% (I got a 78%). Coming from a Micro$oft background, the test was a challenge. There were a lot of "tricky" questions, to be sure!
First, for all you MCSE-types, there is a little overlap with the Networking Essentials exam and the TCP/IP exam, except with a little more intensity. Definitely know your OSI Model ?upwards and downwards. I had several questions about the Presentation and Session layer, in addition to the easy-to-recognize Network and Data Link layer questions.
I had several subnetting questions. They try to trick you a lot with Class B addresses using Class C subnets, with most of the answers having Class C in it. If you know your subnetting well, you should have no problems there.
I saw a lot of questions about Access Lists, including a couple on IPX access lists. There is no substitute for hands-on experience here with routers, because most questions involved the use of commands. Don’t forget the implicit "Deny All Traffic" statement! Also, know the two ways to monitor the access lists you create: "show access-lists" and "show ip interface."
There were also several questions on the router’s IOS interface itself, including how to use the help command (i.e., "?"). Also, know your keyboard combinations! And be sure you know the appearance of the router prompt for whatever configuration or command you are to enter. For example, router#(config-if) would be required what types of configuration?
Know how to identify an IPX logical address (network.node). Know how to configure the basic encapsulations on a Cisco router ?"novell-ether," "sap", "snap," and "arpa." Also, know what the "ipx-maximum paths" command does!
I got the question wrong about a Cisco series 7000 or 7500 router concerning the proper syntax to setup an interface: It’s slot/adapter/port number! Don’t YOU get it wrong!
Know the "boot system" command and how it works! Know also how to use a TFTP server for both IOS images and backup configurations.
Know how to enable the "banner of the day" feature. I had two questions on that subject.
Know your WAN terminology, including the differences between DCE and DTE, and what CO, demarcation, and CPE mean.
Also, be familiar with the ISDN specification series (I, E, and Q). Know also the difference between BRI and PRI ISDN, and how the channels work.
Do you know how to display your configured DCLI’s on a frame-relay router? I do! You just type "sh frame-relay pvc." You’ll thank me, if you remember this!
Know how to configure a switch for VLANs, and know what frame tagging does!
There’s a lot more I could cover, but my poor brain has been frozen by the Minnesota weather. Plus, I still want to follow the "spirit" of Cisco’s law concerning sharing the contents of their exam. I do hope the best for you. If you do not have access to a router for the purpose of practicing, don’t even attempt this exam.
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